Trademark Act in India free essay sample

A reference to merchandise will suggest benefits additionally, except if the setting restricts it. Exchange Marks are at the focal point of worldwide business today. They are the significant wellspring of item separation and non-value rivalry in a cutting edge, advertise driven economy. Purchasers come to relate certain incentive as far as execution, toughness, cost, after-deals administration and so forth in the merchandise sold under explicit brands, which might be among the best resources of the undertaking. In the language of the law, brand names are known as exchange marks. A few items, of a similar classification or of various classifications, can be promoted under one brand name. As of late, non-visual signs have made a solid case for acknowledgment as exchange marks. Smell and sound signs fall under such classification however they are not yet perceived in India. A few telecom associations and film makers have explicit mark tunes to recognize their projects. The idea of recognizing the wellspring of assembling by an imprint is an antiquated one. We will compose a custom paper test on Trademark Act in India or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Marks of skilled workers have been discovered engraved on products sent to Iran from India exactly 3000 years back! Be that as it may, exchange mark picked up significance after the modern transformation when huge scope creation and istribution of products everywhere throughout the world got conceivable and exposure through print and broad media got important. The utilization of present day exchange mark as an unmistakable sign to demonstrate the starting point or wellspring of the item, conveying with it a relationship of high caliber, returns to the eighteenth century England, as on account of cutlery exchange. The genuine lift to exchange mark accompanied Unilever. It advertised its cleanser under the brand Sunlight, underscoring not the item accordingly but rather the brilliance that its utilization will carry to the dresses cleaned with it. The similitude of the items in a similar market has required the checking of merchandise by an image, which could recognize one’s items from comparable products made by others. Exchange Marks assume an exceptionally perplexing job in advertise driven economies, working with regards to fast coordination of world economy. Through notice and different techniques, huge pieces of the pie are caught by a couple of brands prompting centralization of market power in a couple of hands. In the event that care isn't worked out, a creating nation may end up overwhelmed with remote brands, unaccompanied by any progression of innovation and 97 Awareness Course on Intellectual Property Rights uilding up of national capacities. Obviously, indigenous brands are presented to serious and inconsistent rivalry in which they need to substantiate themselves. In 1940 the then British Government of India passed the Trade Marks Act for uniform and precise enrollment of exchange marks India, which came into power on June 1, 1942. The Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958, which happened from November 25, 1959, supplanted it. It got important to impact changes in the exchange mark law as India joined WTO as a unique part in 1995 and it was required to get the Indian law consonance with TRIPS. Consequently new Trade Mark Act, 1999, canceled the old Act. The Act of 1999 makes significant takeoffs from the Act of 1958 out of two significant regards: †¢ Shape of merchandise is perceived as an exchange imprint; and Trade Marks are currently conceded for administrations additionally, other than products. Products is characterized as anything which is the subject of exchange or assembling. Administration implies administration of any depiction offered to clients. Banking, money, protection, transport, vitality gracefully, development, lodgings, diversion, data and broadcasting and so forth are for the most part instances of territories where administrations are offered regarding business, industry or trade. Meaning of administration is intended to be all subsuming. The Registration of Trade Marks is done in Mumbai where the Trade Marks Registry is arranged. There are branch workplaces of the Registry at Calcutta, Delhi and Chennai with isolated wards. Destinations After considering this unit, you ought to have the option to: †¢ clarify the importance of exchange mark; comprehend the way of thinking of exchange mark; recognize what sort of exchange imprints can be enrolled and what can't be; clarify the strategy for enlistment of exchange imprint; and feature the trademark highlights of Indian Trade Mark Law. . 2 WHAT IS A TRADE MARK? An exchange mark, as presently perceived in India, is a visual image (as a word, a name, a gadget, an image, or a name) which recognizes any vendors or makers products or benefits and recognizes them from comparative merchandise or administrations of rivals in the exchange. It might incorporate state of merchandise, their bundling and mix of hues. The Act makes a qualification between an exchange mark and a notable exchange mark. On the off chance that a considerable fragment of open partners an exchange mark with a specific class of merchandise and enterprises, and if this exchange mark is utilized for different products or administrations, and people in general is slanted to relate the new merchandise/administrations with the previous products/administrations, at that point the imprint is a notable exchange mark. In the event that the owner of an exchange mark is a relationship of people, who don't make an association inside the importance of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, the exchange mark is known as an aggregate imprint. An exceptional class of exchange marks is named as affirmation exchange marks. These exchange marks don't demonstrate the starting point of the merchandise, yet are ensured by the owner of the imprint as fitting in with specific attributes, similar to quality, fixings, land source and so on. Agmark utilized for food things in India is a confirmation mark. 98 An exchange mark is a sign utilized on, or regarding the advertising of merchandise. Saying that the sign is utilized on the products implies that it might show up on the merchandise themselves as well as on the compartment or covering of the products. Saying that the sign is utilized regarding the promoting of the merchandise alludes for the most part to the presence of the sign in ads (in paper, on TV, and so on ) or in the windows of the shops where the products are sold. Where an exchange mark is utilized regarding administrations, it might be called administration mark, e. g. administration marks utilized by inns, eateries, carriers, vacationer organizations. The value of an exchange imprint may add up to gigantic aggregates. As per Business Week/Interbrand’s Annual Ranking of the 100 Best Global Brands, 2003, the estimation of the brand name Coca-Cola is evaluated to be $70 billion and that of Nescafe $12 billion! An individual who sells his item under a specific exchange mark procures a selective right to the utilization of the imprint corresponding to those products. Such a privilege can be enlisted under the new Trade Mark Act 1999, which revoked the Trade Mark and Merchandise Marks Act 1958. An enrolled exchange imprint can be ensured against unapproved use by others by an activity for encroachment. An unregistered exchange imprint can likewise be secured against unapproved use by others by an activity of going off.

Bullying Speech

Envision getting pounding each day at school for reasons unknown, by your schoolmate or perhaps by some senior person you don’t even know. Or on the other hand possibly by a grown-up. You get back home in wounds and cuts and evaporated blood. Would you be able to envision that? Or on the other hand would you be able to try and picture getting punch at and getting pick at, calling you names in class and undermining writings consistently whether you are in class or at home and you’re companions wouldn’t help you out in light of the fact that they are excessively terrified of the domineering jerk and the harasser would tailed you home and wouldn’t you feel frightened. Would you be able to envision that? There are individuals who experience this in their everyday life.When you harassed somebody particularly for quite a while whether it is physical, verbal, social or digital, it would make the person’s life entirely hopeless and in some terrible cases it may prompt killing themselves since they can't hand the weight or the mortification they face each day. I am going to explain to you about harassing and why I think it is terrible to menace somebody. There are four kinds of harassing: Physical, Verbal, Cyber and Social. Physical harassing as you most likely are aware is the point at which the domineering jerk punches, kicks, hits or some other sorts of physical assaults. At that point there is verbal bullying.Basically what verbal harassing is, the point at which the harasser utilizes words to hurt or mortify you. Verbal harassing incorporates names purposes for living, racist’s remarks and annoying. Social harassing is the point at which the harasser is spreading bits of gossip, disregarding or in any event, dismissing you. Social tormenting is a bizarre sort of harassing on the grounds that it sort of connections with verbal tormenting. At long last there is digital tormenting. Digital tormenting is the point at which you are compromised, mortified, bugged by the harasser utilizing the web. There is no impediment of digital harassing on the grounds that there is such huge numbers of things you could do in the web to digital bully.You could get digital tormented in facebook, bebo, msn and so on or now and again, the domineering jerks can digital harasser you by making a site only for you. Additionally the thing with digital harassing is that it is another kind of tormenting in such a case that you return 50 years, there wouldn’t be any web, or any cell phone, in this manner no digital tormenting. By and by I feel that physical harassing is the least hazardous kind of tormenting in light of the fact that when you get physical harassed there will be scars or checks and your folks will realize that you have been tormented where as in verbal, yber, social there is no scar or stamps and your folks wouldn’t realize you have been harassed. Additionally when you get physical harassed you know yo ur harms will recuperate where as in verbal, digital, social you wouldn’t know when it will leave. For instance: You won’t know when the domineering jerk will quit calling you names and so forth. Some of you may in any case contend that some harassing at youthful age can be beneficial for you since it will cause you to need to conquer issues and you will build up some social aptitudes and discover that life is unfair.I can't help contradicting this on the grounds that the greater part of the victim’s won’t go to bat for themselves and how might you create social abilities if individuals are dismissing you. Everyone discovers that life is out of line not through harassing yet from perhaps getting fault from things they didn’t do or doing errands at home each day, or possibly through your folks continually singling out your more youthful sibling and sisters side and not yours. So what's your opinion of harassing now? Positive or negative? I trust you concur with me.

Disagree Essay In the Future will there be Fewer Cars

Sample TOEFL Agree/Disagree Essay In the Future will there be Fewer Cars The QuestionIn twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today. Do you agree or disagree?Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this web page. Its a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the test. Sign up today.The Sample EssayMost people agree that cars will always be an important part of society.. In my opinion, in the near future there will be many more vehicles in use that there are nowadays. I feel this way for two reasons, which I will explore in the following essay.First of all, the developing world is rapidly urbanizing, which means that in the future more people will need to drive to their workplace. In the past, most people in developing nations engaged in agricultural labor near their homes. In contrast, today people are more likely to live in apartment buildings far from the businesses and industries where they wo rk. My friend Simon is a compelling example of this. His parents and grandparents worked on farms in northern Sokovia. Occasionally, they traveled short distances on foot, but most of the time they stayed fairly close to the village where they were born. Simon, on the other hand, moved to a city last year to work in a steel plant and drives almost thirty kilometers from his home to the plant every day. All of his co-workers do the same,. I can see no indication that this trend will halt in the future. In fact, it seems likely that even more people will experience this.Secondly, incomes are rising all over the world, which means that in the future automobiles will be affordable for even more people. In the past, owning a car was a privilege enjoyed only by those living in the developed world. Now, however, consumers in developing countries like China and India purchase millions of cars every year. Simon’s experience is also typical of this trend. At the moment he does not own his o wn car, but instead gets to work by carpooling with a neighbor. However, he dreams of owning a vehicle of his own. While it might make financial sense for him to continue carpooling or take public transportation, he views car ownership as a symbol of affluence. Simon has even indicated to me that someday he hopes to own two automobiles, just like many people in the west.In conclusion, I am of the opinion that in the future there will be more vehicles on the road than there are today. This is because the world is rapidly urbanizing, and because rising incomes will open up even more markets for automobile companies. (391words)

Constitutional Right to Privacy and the Us Patriot Act...

Privacy Essay Privacy. What do you think the average American would say if you told them they have no Constitutional Right to Privacy, as privacy is never mentioned anywhere in the Constitution? That the information they share over the World Wide Web has little if any protection by or from the government. Of course our government is hard at work to modernize the form of weeding out the unsanitary to which some cenacles might call censorship. But the main question still stands, do we have a right to privacy and is the government violating our natural freedoms, or do we need someone to monitor the actions of our society to keep order. The question is as old as government; to what extent should the government influence our lives. When you†¦show more content†¦This is a very debatable topic and many parents have different grounds for the extent of their childs privacy. Some children are monitored by their parents, correcting every mistake and punishing every misjudgment. Other parents promote more of a free spirit and trust, to teach their child independence and develop experiences. Two are differing theories of parenting and both are different theories of government. One assumes that humans are naturally reasonable creatures and the other that humans are naturally emotionally driven and unreliable. So the question then goes to nature or nurture, and are humans reasonable or erratic? So we assume that man is a combination of both good and evil, and in doing so we assume that some level of privacy is in order but also the government must control those who diverge from the law. The question then Domich 4 arises, to what degree should citizens be left to themselves and what degree should they be monitored? The two extrema of this argument include the State of Nature, which has been previously described, and what is also known as the Big Brother structure. The idea that if man were molded to be perfect from birth, they would in turn live perfect lives is an idea that has been philosophized, debated, and dreamed of for generations of intellectuals. In almost every theorized Utopia, there has been a certain level of censorship. Censorship in these hypothetical societies exists on theShow MoreRelatedThe Patriot Act Of 2001 Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pagesday 2,753(NYmag) families would never be the same, as well as the rest of us that watch in disbelief. The attacks on September 11th 2001 led to something called the Patriot Act. In the days after 9/11 Congress hurried to pass a bill to give law-enforcement agencies the power to fight domestic terrorism. On October 26, President George W . Bush signed three hundred page USA Patriot Act into law (Crf.org). The USA Patriot Act of 2001 was created to prevent and catch terrorist in the United States andRead MoreGovernment Spying : Exceeding The Laws And Values Of A Democratic Society1657 Words   |  7 Pageshorrific event came the USA Patriot Act. The Act, was immediately passed by those in the House of Representatives and signed by the president became the new law. It passed abruptly and by the majority without being fully examined giving new privileges to the U.S. Government over the private individual. The USA Patriot Act consists of hundreds of pages of changes and revisions of law that could eventually affect the rights of American citizens forever. In particular, the Act entails major alterationsRead MoreThe Freedom Of Privacy Act1078 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION I. Attention-getter: â€Å"Privacy is not something that I’m merely entitled to, it’s an absolute prerequisite,† by Marlon Brando II. Relevance: The government for years has been using the excuse of national security, as a way in to our lives and the lives of those we represent. It is time that we introduce a new law in order curb this intrusion in to our lives III. Credibility: We are bringing up this topic, because we have done our research on events that the has overstepped their boundsRead MoreThe United States Patriot Act1533 Words   |  7 PagesKaylyn Dailey 11/27/16 Professor Carter American Gov. Term Paper Patriot Act On September 11, 2001, the Unites States suffered massive destruction caused by terrorism. Four planes were hijacked by terrorist. Nearly, three thousand lives were lost when two planes crashed into the World Trade Towers, one crashed into the Pentagon, and the final plane crashed in Pennsylvania before it could reach its final destination. An immense fear spread across the country and out of this fear came the UnitingRead MoreWiretapping And Surveillance Laws On The United States1029 Words   |  5 Pagesall-time high. Over the past 50 years, different amendments and acts have been passed to help regulate the use of wiretap and surveillance tactics, but perhaps the most significant of the bunches would be Title III, FISA, and the Patriot Act. These acts paved way to a safer feeling society, but at the same time they bare constitutional issues which take away some of the liberties granted to citizens by the U.S. Constitution’s Bill of Rights, raising a lot of controversy wit hin our society. One of theRead MoreThe Threat Of The Patriot Act961 Words   |  4 Pagesflabbergasted, and lost for words for the first time since Pearl Harbor. Out of these fears the PATRIOT act was conceived; promising to help stop future terrorist plots the bill was initially met with high praise from the public and media. It was not for another decade that the side-effects of the patriot act were revealed to the world. The American public was appalled at the circumvention of their fourth Amendment rights. Still there is a clear divide between those who believe that the National Security AgencyRead MoreThe Act Of The Patriot Act860 Words   |  4 Pagesthe U.S Patriot Act. This legislation extends the power of the government by strengthening its oversight authority over the nation, claiming protection of the national security against potential foreign threats. As an American citizen, I agree with some of the terms and measures adopted under the Patriot Act in which the govern ment needs to intercept, obstruct, and monitor terrorism actions keeping us safe from potential attacks without violating any of our civil rights. However, the act fails toRead MoreThe United States Patriot Act923 Words   |  4 PagesBush enacted the USA Patriot Act. George bush has been quoted Stating â€Å"Terrorism against our nation will not stand† (Jones 2) a message which was hit home by the enactment of the USA Patriot Act. The Patriot Act gives law enforcement agencies increased powers enabling them to apprehend terrorist. The USA Patriot Act was enacted by congress on October 26, 2001, with the idea that it would help a crippled nation combat terrorism. The act of terrorism which is described as the act of using violence toRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Patriot Act1260 Words   |  6 Pagesresponded by passing an act. This act is known as the Patriot Act. It allows the government unlimited access to phone records, emails, and text messages without a warrant thro ugh National Security Letters and Sneak and Peak Searches. Why do they do this, why was this act passed, they claim it’s for our safety. Both can be obtained and carried out without a judge’s approval, without a warrant, and without the knowledge of the person who is being searched. The Fourth Amendment is the right of the citizensRead MoreReport on The Philippines1134 Words   |  5 Pagesthis religion. B) I. The Internet has brought us into a mass majority of benefits such as the improvement of communications and convenience. However, the government monitoring the citizen’s internet usage has brought up the violation and debate on the issue of privacy and human rights. Any private information including credit card payments, cell phone records, and emails are kept and regulated by the government and they have the ability and rights to look through these information’s secretly without

The Resilience Of Energy Supply Chain - 1588 Words

INTRODUCTION In the era of globalisation supply chains are getting more lengthy and complex hence they are now more vulnerable to disruptions. The resilience of energy supply chain by Luca Urciuoli, Sangeeta Mohanty, Juha Hintsa and Else Gerine Boekesteijn Accepted on 24 September,2013 takes in account how various companies take preventions against supply chain disruptions or security threats and how they manage their supply chain in case a disruption occurs, it also exchanges views on European union support mechanisms and interactions with the oil and gas companies along with the improvements that can be made by the union in order to make supply chains more robust . In this essay I will discuss the reasons for which these disruption occur†¦show more content†¦. As suggested by the article to keep reserve stocks for up to 90 days of supply. For example, in Baji a major oil refinery was set on fire by ISIS forces who were controlling this refinery in the past. This oil refinery was one o the major oil production companies in the country. In such cases small safety stocks will finish in a few days, so only keeping reserve stocks may not be the solution . World s 60 percent oil reserves are in middle east where these types of incidents occur (Critchlow, 2015).Deciding the perfect amount of safety stock is very critical and depends on various factors like company sales ,forecasts and transportation risks. In case of natural disaster or a major disruptions various strategies can be used to prevent loses. As the article suggests alternate product design can be used in case of disruption ,this approach is practical and was used by many companies in the past. For instance, In March,2000 after a major electronic company caught fire in Mexico both Nokia and Ericson were facing component shortage . Instead of waiting for the product Nokia changed the product design and sourced different component from other suppliers while Ericson on the other hand lost millions because of this

Number of people Free Essays

string(56) " Questions can come in two main forms: Closed and open\." Over the course of the unit, we have used a wide range of interpersonal skills and communication techniques to communicate with our teams. These skills are useful if used correctly, but can also be detrimental to group work when they are overused or misused. Knowing how these skills work is vital for working well in a team situation and producing good work. We will write a custom essay sample on Number of people or any similar topic only for you Order Now Interpersonal Skills Verbal Exchanges: Signing, Lip Reading Verbal exchanges are possibly the most important part of working in a team. By talking to your team members, you can communicate about the current task and learn about the thoughts and ideas of the other people in your team. This is the most common way Of communicating as it is quick and easy. Lip reading and signing can also be used for people who have trouble hearing, although signing requires an understanding of sign language from both parties, which means that it is less likely to be an effective way of communicating. Although it is a good way to communicate, there is a danger of people going off topic and not focusing on the task at hand when they are talking to others in their group. Written messages can be used instead, which allows the team to write out their ideas in a clear and concise way, without veering off topic. Nonverbal Exchanges: Body Language and Intonation On the other end of the spectrum from verbal language, there is nonverbal language. The most common form of this is known as body language and in some cases, can be as useful and informative as verbal cues. Body language describes how a person moves and acts when they are addressing someone. By studying body language, you can assess the attitudes of people in your group, which allows you to change topic when they start to become bored, which will increase the level of information that is passed through the group. This can also be bad if a team member is displaying negative body language such as crossed arms, as it will make the rest of the team less likely to talk to them. Nonverbal communication can also be observed through the attire that someone wears. If someone walks into an important team meeting with inappropriate clothing, it shows that they may not take the meeting seriously and do not feel the need to dress appropriately. Proper clothing can make the rest of the team more inclined to listen to you as you will look more prepared. Intonation is the way that someone speaks to express their thoughts more clearly. This can be simple pauses before words for effect, or increasing and decreasing the pitch of their voice. This is an important tool for effectively broadcasting your views about a particular subject. It is also useful if you are the team leader, as it helps to make your voice more interesting and memorable to the people you are speaking to. While this is useful, it can also be unhelpful when negative Intonation is used, such as using sarcastic comments in response to an idea. Positive and Negative Language Positive language is language that is helpful or constructive, and helps the team work together. This language can be used to critique a person’s work without making them feel like their work is being dismissed unfairly. Examples of positive language can be saying things like â€Å"This is a good piece of work, but it needs to be amended slightly. † Negative language is the opposite of positive language. It is often unnecessarily mean to the receiver and so is usually less helpful, as the person is less likely to take on the criticism. If a group has too much negative communication, it means that they ill be less likely to work well in the group and perform to their best standards. To some people, what is seen as simple criticism can come across as negative, especially when the subject is something personal or something that they have worked hard on. It is important to be careful about what language you are using, but you may have to use a combination of positive and negative language in order to correctly express your opinions of the team work. Active Engagement: Nodding, Summarizing, Paraphrasing Active Engagement is the use of positive, engaging learning techniques in order to help the people you are working with get more involved and remember more than they would in other situations. This type of interaction is helpful in keeping the ideas four team fresh and flowing, which in turn helps to promote friendly behavior and team working within the group. While beneficial, too much active engagement can lead to the lesson becoming distracting, causing the core information to be lost. For active engagement to be effective, it must be used in moderation so that it does not become so energetic that it is confusing. Barriers: Background Noise, Distractions, Loss of Interest Barriers are common in all areas of work, be it teamwork or individual work. Barriers are things that directly affect the amount of information that you can process. All of these interpersonal skills can become barriers to communication if they are used extensively or wrongly. Other barriers can include distraction caused by loud noises or interesting things happening nearby, or mental barriers that are caused by stress or emotional problems. In every area of work, there will be barriers that have to be overcome. These barriers can be exacerbated by other team members, but can also be overcome easier with others to keep the group on track. Examples of overcoming barriers could include taking a short team break when everyone becomes tired and unresponsive. This lets the team process the information so that they can remember it more effectively, and allows them to release some energy so that they don’t become a distraction to others. Types of Questioning: Open, Closed, Probing, Speed Of Response Questions can come in two main forms: Closed and open. You read "Number of people" in category "Papers" Closed questions are ones that can be answered with a simple, short sentence, whereas open questions require a more in depth answer. An example of a closed question could be ‘Meal it sunny yesterday? , while an open question would be â€Å"What did you think of the sunny weather yesterday? Both types of question are good in different ways. Closed questions allow you to get definite, concise information from the answerer. Open questions make it easier to assess the answerers attitude and thoughts behind the topic. Open questions are also good in that they can be used to enter a discussion which stops your team members from becomin g bored, like they would if you had just asked closed questions. Communicating In Writing Guidelines Guidelines are sets of rules that dictate how you should write a particular piece of work. For example, a set of guidelines for a piece of writing intended for children may say that it has to be simple and easy to understand, whereas a piece for people of a higher age may need to be more informative and contain more complex language. Guidelines are good as they give users a clear idea Of how the work should be written so as to convey the message to the highest standard. Emoticons Emoticons are representations of facial expressions made by using symbols on the keyboard (E. G. L) Emoticons are generally informal and are used to indicate the tone of the intended message. In a team environment, emoticons re not generally necessary, and can disrupt the main information in a message if they are overused. Grammar Grammar refers to how sentences are constructed using the proper syntax. Grammar is important in any area of work as it makes your work easier to understand and makes you appear more prepared and knowledgeable. Spelling Spelling is an important part Of any type of work that you do. Good spelling allows your work to be easily read and understood, as well as making you appear more professional. Good spelling also means that you will have to spend less time getting your team members to correct your work and you can Ochs on more important tasks. The need for good spelling is diminished if you speak to your teammates in person, but there will always be work that will have to be copied down, making good spelling a vital part of group work. Structure Structure relates to how writing is laid out in a piece of work. Good structure allows people to follow your work easily, as well as quickly jump to the parts that they need in the writing. Structure can be improved by the use of contents pages, which clearly show what topics are covered in each paragraph. When compiling lots of pieces of team work from different authors, good structure can make save lots Of time by reducing the amount Of time taken sorting through random pages trying to find the right piece of work. Identifying Relevance Relevance is how connected something is to the main topic. By identifying how relevant pieces of work are, you can reduce the amount of time put into researching things that aren’t important to the topic as a whole. Identifying relevance can sometimes be hard, as something that is deemed irrelevant at one point can actually become more important later on. By using techniques such as underlining and highlighting, you can easily ensure that important acts are clearly shown to the reader. Another way of doing this is to completely cut any relevant information and place it into small notes. This way may be effective, but can be risky if you end up cutting some information that later turns out to be important. Proofreading Proofreading is the process of overlooking work thou have written and checking it for any mistakes. By proofreading work before you send it to someone else, you reduce the risk of sending them something that might not make sense, or may give them incorrect or misleading information. Proofreading your own work can be hard, as you are more likely to skim over ND miss any small errors that someone else may catch. Proofreading can be made more efficient by getting someone else to read your work and check for mistakes, leaving the work for at least a day before proofreading so your brain can treat it as a new piece of writing, or reading the work slower than usual and out loud which will help to catch any mistakes that you may have made. Alternative Viewpoints An alternate viewpoint is research that comes from a source that is different from your own. An alternate viewpoint can come in the form of a document that you get from the internet or from collaboration with a co-worker over a ice of work. Getting many alternate viewpoints is important to ensure that your work is not biased or factually Inaccurate. When referencing other people’s work in your own, it is important to clearly distinguish where one person’s viewpoint begins and another person’s ends, and to correctly credit the author of the alternate viewpoint. Note Taking Note taking is a good tool for team working as it allows other members of your team to tell you what could be done better or what needs to be changed. A good way to take notes is electronically, using software such as Microsoft Word. This lets you write and erase notes easily, as well as send updated copies to other people for fast collaboration. Most people use hard copies, where a single physical copy of the work is handed around and people write on the work directly. This approach can be quicker if it is being handed to a small number of people, but note taking electronically makes it easier to assess and change. Capitalization Capitalization is mostly used at the start of sentences and nouns such as England or Mark. When writing abbreviation, capital letters are also used, such as in ELK. Capitalization can also be used to display emotion when writing message, usually in the form of capitalistic every letter of a word to indicate shouting. Shouting in writing is generally thought of as negative and unprofessional, so should be avoided for more important letters. Team review Assessment think that I performed well in my team review meetings and my one-to-one tutorial target setting sessions. I used positive language verbal exchanges with my team members to accurately discern how we worked as a group. Think that I could have used more open questions to gain a better insight into what other people in my team thought about the work that we did. How to cite Number of people, Papers

Nandos Report Essay Example

Nandos Report Essay This proposal is commissioned by the managing director of Nando’s UK (David Niven), which is the Portuguese chicken chain restaurant founded in 1987 from South Africa, soon afterwards, it has spread over 26 countries(Erasmus,2008). UK has suffered from the recession since the April 2008, which was performed in the decrease (4. 9%) of total outcome (Schifferes , 2009). In particular, the situation is getting worse due to the rising of unemployment rate (Gregg, 2009). He figured out in this recession the rate has increased dramatically during the period between 5. % in July 2008 to 7. 3% in April 2009(ibid, 2009), and with some other inspectors pointed out it will reach the peak in 2010 at 10% (Schifferes , 2009). Nevertheless, the Nando’s has committed to his employees, there would be no redundancies, and no salary reduces and would pay bonuses as usual as the response to the recession (2008). The purpose of this proposal is to figure out how the Nando’s can keep out of the fair of recession, moreover, the consequences will be come up with analysis of following statements: †¢ To identify the customer base of Nando’s. To identify how to investigate the influence of the shrink in the economy on Nando’s. †¢ To identify what method you would adopted to analyse the strategies that Nando’s has implemented to ensure that adapt to the change in the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Nandos Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nandos Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nandos Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. http://www. mediaclubsouthafrica. com/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=569:nandos-us-170708catid=45:economy_newsItemid=114 2. http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/8127248. stm 3. http://www/bighospitality. co. uk/? page=articlesID=204741

Same Sex Unions Essays - Gender, Human Behavior, Human Sexuality

Same Sex Unions Essays - Gender, Human Behavior, Human Sexuality Same Sex Unions Book Review: Same Sex Unions in Premodern Europe by John Boswell The question of same-sex unions and their legitimacy in many different societies is a topic that has been hotly debated for centuries. One society in particular is pre-modern Europe. Noted author and historian Dr. John Boswell looks extensively at the topic of same-sex unions in his book Same Sex Unions in Premodern Europe. Dr. Boswell argues extensively in his book that the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches not only sanctioned unions between partners of the same sex, but actually sanctified them. This critique examines some specific aspects of the book, and analyzes them. Before an analysis of the Same Sex Unions in Premodern Europe can be evaluated, its important to know a little about the author himself and what he stood for. Dr. Boswell was a professor at Yale University and Chairman of Yales history department for many years. He was an award winning scholar, author and historian. In addition to writing Same Sex Unions in Premodern Europe he also wrote several other works such as Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality. Two of his greatest professional achievements included being a Woodrow Wilson Fellow and a Fulbright scholar. It is his extensive training as a Historian and an understanding of his own homosexuality that gave him unique insight into the writing of Same Sex Unions in Premodern Europe. In Same Sex Unions in Modern Europe, Boswell takes a highly controversial position in saying that the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches actually sanctified same sex unions, while at the same time, presenting his viewpoints in such a way that any well educated historian would very carefully. He almost contradicts himself at several points in the book and mentions that his ideas are subject to debate among his peers. Boswell, in writing this book has essentially established a Premodern Europe where heterosexual marriage was largely ignored by pagans and discouraged by the church. Also, according to Boswell, men would essentially pair off in order to perform duties that were considered essential to society such as war, trade, education, friendship, etc. As Boswell puts it it is hardly surprising that there should been a Christian solemnizing same sex unions. I do not agree with him on this premise, although homosexuality has existed in animal species and in humans since the beginnings of our existence, how can he be so bold as to assume that the majority of these supposed pairs were homosexual? In my opinion that broad of a statement is like saying that any two men that shake hands or embrace must automatically be gay. There is a second specific point that I wish to point out with regards to medieval priest and the monastic life. Boswell points out in Same Sex Unions in Premodern Europe that young boys caught performing homosexual acts were punished by being sent to a monastery. Was this meant as punishment to deprive these boys of their youth or to isolate them from the supposed forces that made them perform these acts? Boswell points out in any event, being placed with monks was likely to provide the best environment to locate other men romantically interested in their own gender. Thats all well and good, but he undermines his own thesis here. If the Christian Right of the time so vehemently supported same sex unions, then why would boys who engaged in same-sex acts be punished at all? Should not they be encouraged to be homosexual? Boswell not only mildly contradicts himself here, he goes a step further and practically destroys his own thesis. Through reading Same Sex Unions in Premodern Europe, relating it to my own experiences as a history major, and gay male, not to mention discussions in class, I do not believe that same sex unions were as heavily sanctioned in Premodern Europe by churches as Boswell would have us believe. It is my opinion that there have fluctuations between then and now as to exactly how much homosexuality is tolerated by the so-called mainstream society. There were places such as Ancient Greece where it was accepted and modern day liberal locations such as San Francisco, California that have a large gay/lesbian population. In both places both in the past

How Much Does Xarelto Cost 4 Money-Saving Tips

How Much Does Xarelto Cost 4 Money-Saving Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you have atrial fibrillation or a high risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), blood clots, and/or strokes, your doctor might prescribe you Xarelto. A novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC), or blood thinner, Xarelto works by keeping dangerous blood clots from forming. But how much does Xarelto cost? Read on to learn about the Xarelto price for those who do and don’t have health insurance. In addition, we'll explain how this cost changes depending on the pharmacy you visit, show you how to find a Xarelto coupon, and compare the Xarelto cost with those of other similar drugs. How Much Does Xarelto Cost? Without insurance, the typical Xarelto price is more than $400 for 30 tablets, or around $15 per pill. That said, it's possible to get Xarelto at a far cheaper rate. How much Xarelto costs for you depends on two main factors, which we'll discuss in more detail below: Your health insurance The pharmacy you go to Health Insurance Most health insurance plans, including Medicare, at least partly cover the cost of Xarelto. According to the official Xarelto website, â€Å"more than 90% of people with prescription coverage and on Medicare are covered for Xarelto at the lowest branded copay cost.† In other words, if your insurance covers Xarelto, you’ll only need to pay the lowest co-pay for brand-name drugs for your insurance plan. This means you'll likely pay around $10-$50 for your Xarelto prescription, or slightly more than whatever your co-pay is for generic drugs. If you’re on Medicare, you can get an estimate for your Xarelto co-pay through the website GoodRx, which offers a convenient Xarelto cost calculator. If you have a prescription deductible, be aware that you must meet this amount before you can pay your co-pay for Xarelto. So if you haven't met your deductible, you'll likely end up paying the full cost of Xarelto (that is, more than $400 for a bottle of 30 pills). There are a couple of things to note, though. For one, there are currently no generic alternatives to Xarelto (generics are usually cheaper than name-brand drugs). Thus, you won't be able to find an identical drug at a cheaper price. The other thing to note is that dosage doesn’t generally affect the cost of Xarelto. According to Drugs.com (as well as the table below, which we'll look at shortly), you’ll usually pay the same price for a 10-mg pill as you would for a 15- or 20-mg pill. A 15-mg Xarelto pill. Pharmacy The second major factor that affects Xarelto cost is the pharmacy you go to. The following table shows estimated out-of-pocket costs for Xarelto. These are the prices you’d pay at different pharmacies if you didn’t have insurance or if your insurance didn’t cover Xarelto. All estimates for pharmacies (except for Costco) are based on the price listings at GoodRx. Note: The â€Å"- † indicates that estimates are unavailable for that dosage of Xarelto. However, you can generally assume that the prices for all dosages will be close to the same. Pharmacy Dosage Price for 30 Tablets Price per Tablet Costco 10 mg $438.74 $14.62 15 mg $438.74 $14.62 20 mg $438.74 $14.62 CVS 10 mg $481 $16.03 15 mg $484 $16.13 20 mg $473 $15.77 Kroger 10 mg $466 $15.53 15 mg $466 $15.53 20 mg $466 $15.53 Meijer 10 mg - - 15 mg - - 20 mg $446 $14.87 Rite Aid 10 mg - - 15 mg $5 $17.03 20 mg $5 $17.03 Safeway 10 mg $527 $17.57 15 mg - - 20 mg $531 $17.70 Target 10 mg - - 15 mg - - 20 mg $471 $15.70 Walgreens 10 mg $495 $16.50 15 mg $507 $16.90 20 mg $477 $15.90 As you can see, there isn’t a whole lot of difference among Xarelto prices at various pharmacies. Most of the time, you’ll pay anywhere in the range of $440-$530 for a bottle of 30 pills, with Costco offering some of the lowest prices, and Safeway and Rite Aid offering some of the highest. Another feature to note is that dosage doesn’t usually change pharmacy costs, or at least not by more than $10-$30. How to Get a Xarelto Coupon or Discount There are a few ways you can get large Xarelto discounts, many of which are through the official Xarelto website. If you have commercial health insurance (not Medicare or Medicaid) with prescription coverage, you can sign up for the Janssen CarePath Savings Program Card. This card gets you a $0 co-pay on your Xarelto prescription each month, making it entirely free for you! Alternatively, if you have Medicare, Medicaid, commercial insurance, or no insurance at all, you might be eligible for an up-to-30-day free trial of Xarelto. Finally, if you don’t have prescription coverage for Xarelto, the official Xarelto website recommends getting in contact with the Johnson Johnson Patient Assistance Foundation (JJPAF) to see if you qualify for financial assistance. In addition to the official website, tons of coupon and medical websites offer Xarelto discounts. You can search for these on Google by typing in â€Å"Xarelto coupon† or â€Å"Xarelto discount.† Note, however, that many coupons cannot be used with health insurance. One solid website is Drugs.com, which offers a savings card you can use at most pharmacies to get discounted rates on your Xarelto prescription. GoodRx is another good resource, with free coupons knocking off up to $100 on a bottle of Xarelto. How Does the Xarelto Cost Compare With Other Drugs? According to the official Xarelto website, â€Å"Xarelto has the lowest out-of-pocket cost than any other blood thinner in its class in the U.S.† This means that, compared to other anticoagulants in the same class as Xarelto- i.e., factor Xa inhibitors- Xarelto should be more affordable. Other factor Xa inhibitors include Eliquis and Savaysa. Here is a quick look at how these three medications compare with one another in regard to cost: Drug Name What GoodRx Says What Drugs.com Says* Eliquis $482.69 for 60 5-mg tablets $413.44 for 60 5-mg tablets Savaysa $380.05 for 30 60-mg tablets $336.23 for 30 60-mg tablets Xarelto $480.09 for 30 20-mg tablets $413.09 for 30 20-mg tablets *All prices are based on the Drugs.com discount card. In this chart, we’ve compared the estimated prices of the most common dosages and quantities of these three similar anticoagulant medications. But because there are wide ranges in cost, quantity, and dosage for these drugs, it's difficult to determine which is the cheapest. Ultimately, it's best to consult your doctor or pharmacist to see which medication will be most affordable for you based on your insurance. Recap: What Is the Cost of Xarelto? The cost of Xarelto, a prescription blood thinner, ultimately depends on whether your health insurance covers the drug and which pharmacy you go to. Since most insurance plans cover Xarelto, your co-pay should normally cost around $10-50 (assuming you’ve already met your prescription deductible, if you have one). If your insurance doesn’t cover Xarelto or if you don’t have insurance, you’ll need to pay the full price, which is anywhere from $440 to $530 for a one-month supply. Most pharmacies charge similar fees for Xarelto. Costco offers some of the lowest prices at around $440, while Safeway and Rite Aid offer some of the highest prices above $500. Many discounts for Xarelto are available online and through the manufacturer. One discount, available on the official Xarelto website, works with your insurance to give you a $0 co-pay each month. It's difficult to compare the cost of Xarelto to those of other similar medications such as Eliquis and Savaysa due to differences in dosage, quantity, and pharmacy. Therefore, talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you want more information about which medication will be most affordable for you.

Explain what managing human resources means Essay

Explain what managing human resources means - Essay Example ty of employees ensures that an organization has diverse and has a useful knowledge base to ensure that the company puts a competitive edge to her competitors. Diversity in an organization can be achieved by ensuring that the employees and other staff working within and throughout an organization are a representation of the wider society. Human resource management (HRM) is the unit within an organization that deals with the workforce. It can be said to be the process of managing the workforce of an organization. It provides guidelines on how people are to work. An effective HRM ensure that the workforce is effective and productive for the overall accomplishment of the objective and goals of an organization (Bell, 2011 p. 30). It helps in full utilization of employees through a comprehensive and strategic management of the people as well as the working environment. An organization relies on good HRM to have a strong and effective team of employees. HRM aims at ensuring that the company remains loyal to the employees by making them feel the job there are doing is part of their personal life. Research has shown that HRM is the heartbeat of any organization; over eighty percent of the company success is attributed from the activities and skills of human resources. These activities include how the company attracts employe es, how it trains and develops them and finally how effective is it in retaining the quality workforce. HRM helps the organization create a good environment for employees to work in as well as ensure there is respect and dignity between employer and employees. The main responsibility of HRM in an organization whether small or large corporate bodies is the welfare of the workforce. It must ensure that there is relatively low turnover of employees as this make the company waste a lot of resources ad can even lead to stagnated growth in case of a technical organization. It inspires and motivates employees to reduce turnover. This could be through

Con position - Unwilling patients should undergo routine lifesaving Essay

Con position - Unwilling patients should undergo routine lifesaving procedures against their will - Essay Example In this regard, my position in such views is that patients should not undergo routine lifesaving procedures against their will. As much as making them undergo the life saving procedures is for their own good, doing so against their will is illegal. Pozgar (2012) claims that medical directives passed a Do Not resuscitate order explaining the concept of patient self-rule to some situations in which they are not able to make some crucial decisions because of incapacitation. This law instructs the doctors not to perform resuscitation cardiopulmonary or life-saving procedures to patients against their will and other life procedures in terms of restarting the breathing or heart once it ceases. This medical order is one of the key legal concepts that place medical limits in terms of treatment, as well as guides the doctors on the options and wishes of the patient and therefore helps the patient’s family members make decisions according to patient’s wishes. Therefore, one should not resuscitate a patient against his will. Additionally, some doctors tend to take advantage on the patient’s situation or illness and can prefer to perform life saving procedures on the patient. Ashton, Barbara, Lyer, & Shea (2006) claim that there are some circumstances that exist before taking a human life, in which such decisions must be approved and justified. Guidelines should be followed in the medical grounds when it comes to making some decisions on patients who are extremely ill or have severe injuries that are hard to establish. Despite some life procedures designed to avoid the suffering of the patient, in some medical cases which are irreversible, medical personnel should not use them on patients against their will. This is because the procedures should only be used on the patients if they have communicated or authorized to be saved in case of emergencies (Pozgar, 2012). Additionally, some patients die because of some

the yellow wallpaper -- essays research papers

How Passivity and Submissiveness lead to madness by Charlette Perkins Gilman and Henrik Ibsen â€Å"He told me all his opinions, so I had the same ones too; or if they were different I hid them, since he wouldn’t have cared for that† (Ibsen 109). As this quote suggests Charlotte Perkins Gilman, in â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† and Henrik Ibsen, in A Doll House dramatize that, for woman, silent passivity and submissiveness can lead to madness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The narrator of â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† is driven to madness after she withdraws into herself. â€Å"I am alone† (Gilman 44), she tells us. Desperately trying to express her feelings to John, she says â€Å"I told him that I really was not gaining here and that I wish he would take me away†(Gilman 46), but â€Å"I stopped short; for he sat up straight and looked at me with such a stern reproachful look that I could not say another word.† Instead the narrator â€Å"keeps quiet.† She settles into quiet submission: I â€Å"am much more quiet than I was. John is so pleased† (Gilman 48). She is â€Å"afraid† to â€Å"irritate† John or â€Å"to make him uncomfortable† (Gilman42). She makes herself believe that as a â€Å"physician† he knows what’s best for her and, therefore, acts passively, letting John control her even though she gets â€Å"unreasonably angry with† him (Gilman40). Writing in her journal is the only thing that keeps her sane; yet John takes that away from her: â€Å"I must put this away-he hates to have me write† (Gilman 41). The narrator yearns to confess to John how she really feels, but she prefers to keep her feelings bottled up: â€Å"I think sometimes that if I were to write a little it would relieve the pressure of ideas and rest me† (Gilman 42). Instead, she is passive and hides her emotions. â€Å"I cry at nothing and cry most of the time. Of course I don’t when John is here, or anybody else,† only â€Å"when I am alone† (Gilman 44). She tells us that â€Å"John doesn’t know how much I really suffer† (Gilman 41). Even when the narrator tries to communicate with him, he immediately dismisses her: â€Å"I tried to have a real earnest reasonable talk with him,† but â€Å"John wouldn’t hear of it† (Gilman 40). Instead of speaking her mind and standing up for herself, she withdraws and does â€Å"not say another word†(Gilman 47). Convincing herself that John is always â€Å"right,† she obeys whatever â€Å"John says,† which only causes her condition to â€Å"worsen† despite the fact ... ...y Torvald: â€Å"He used to call me his doll-child, and he played with me the way I played with my dolls†¦I went from Papa’s hands into yours. You arranged everything to your own taste, and so I got the same taste as you-or I pretended to†¦ Now when I look back it seems I have lived here like a beggar-just from hand to mouth† (Ibsen 109). Rather than be â€Å"sheltered† (Ibsen 108) by him unlike Gilman’s character, Nora is able to speak up for herself and confront her past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Nora and the narrator of â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† suffer from their silent passivity and submissiveness. Nora Helmer, who nearly â€Å"lost [her] mind† (Ibsen ), is able to save herself by being assertive and speaking out, confronting Torvald, her past, and her need to educate herself in the ways of the world. Unfortunately Gilman’s character keeps her feelings inside, and, as a result withdraws into herself and becomes insane. The narrator asserts her disjunction from reality as she tells John: â€Å"I’ve got out at last†¦in spite of you and Jane...and you can’t put me back† (Gilman 53), sloughing off the person she once was, â€Å"Jane† to become the â€Å"woman† in the paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Human Behavior Essay

At the beginning of the film, Lorenzo (played by Noah Banks and also Zack O’Malley Greenburg) is a bright and vibrant young boy living in the Comoros Islands, as his father Augusto (played by Nick Nolte) works for the World Bank and is stationed there. However, when his parents relocate to the United States, he begins to show neurological problems, such as loss of hearing, tantrums, etc. The boy is diagnosed as having adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), which is fatal within two years. Failing to find a doctor capable of treating their son’s rare disease, Augusto and his wife Michaela (Susan Sarandon) set out on a mission to find a treatment to save their child. In their quest, the Odones clash with doctors, scientists, and support groups, who are skeptical that anything could be done about ALD, much less by laypeople. But they persist, setting up camp in medical libraries, reviewing animal experiments, enlisting the aid of Professor Gus Nikolais (played by Peter Ustinov), badg ering researchers, questioning top doctors all over the world, and even organizing an international symposium about the disease. Despite research dead-ends, the horror of watching their son’s health decline, and being surrounded by skeptics (including the coordinators of the support group they attend), they persist until they finally hit upon a therapy involving adding a certain kind of oil (actually containing two specific long chain fatty acids, isolated from rapeseed [canola] oil and olive oil) to their son’s diet. They contact over 100 firms around the world until they find an elderly British chemist (Don Suddaby, who plays himself in a cameo role) working for Croda International who is willing to take on the challenge of distilling the proper formula. The oil, erucic acid, proves successful in normalizing the accumulation of the very long chain fatty acids in the brain that had been causing their son’s steady decline, thereby halting the progression of the disease. There is still a great deal of neurological damage remaining which could not be reversed unless new treatments could be found to regenerate the myelin sheath (a lipid insulator) around the nerves. The father is seen taking on the new challenge of organizing biomedical efforts to heal myelin damage in patients (see The Myelin Project). The film ends with Lorenzo at the age of 14 showing definite improvement (he could swallow for himself and answer yes or no questions by blinking) but indicating more medical research is still needed. The end credits of the film note that Lorenzo has also regained his sight and is learning to use a computer. Adrenoleukodystrophy Definition Adrenoleukodystrophy is a rare genetic disease characterized by a loss of myelin surrounding nerve cells in the brain and progressive adrenal gland dysfunction. Description Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a member of a group of diseases, leukodystrophies, that cause damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells. Approximately one in 100,000 people is affected by ALD. There are three basic forms of ALD: childhood, adult-onset, and neonatal. The childhood form of the disease is the classical form and is the most severe. Childhood ALD is progressive and usually leads to total disability or death. It affects only boys because the genetic defect is sex-linked (carried on the X chromosome). Onset usually occurs between ages four and ten and can include many different symptoms, not all of which appear together. The most common symptoms are behavioral problems and poor memory. Other symptoms frequently seen are loss of vision, seizures, poorly articulated speech, difficulty swallowing, deafness, problems with gait and coordination, fatigue, increased skin pigmentation, and progressive dementia. The adult-onset form of the disease, also called adrenomyeloneuropathy, is milder, progresses slowly, is usually associated with a normal life span, and usually appears between ages 21-35. Symptoms may include progressive stiffness, weakness, or paralysis of the lower limbs and loss of coordination. Brain function deterioration may also been seen. Women who are carriers of the disease occasionally experience the same symptoms, as well as others, including ataxia, hypertonia (excessive muscle tone), mild peripheral neuropathy, and urinary problems. The neonatal form affects both male and female infants and may produce mental retardation, facial abnormalities, seizures, retinal degeneration, poor muscle tone, enlarged liver, and adrenal dysfunction. Neonatal ALD usually progresses rapidly. Causes and symptoms The genetic defect in ALD causes a decrease in the ability to degrade very long chain fatty acids. These build up in the adrenal glands, brain, plasma, and fibroblasts. The build-up of very long chain fatty acids interferes with the ability of the adrenal gland to convert cholesterol into steroids and causes demyelination of nerves in the white matter of the brain. Demyelinated nerve cells are unable to function properly. Diagnosis Diagnosis is made based on observed symptoms, a biochemical test, and a family history. The biochemical test detects elevated levels of very long chain fatty acids in samples from amniocentesis, chorionic villi, plasma, red blood cells, or fibroblasts. A family history may indicate the likelihood of ALD because the disease is carried on the X-chromosome by the female lineage of families. Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or â€Å"anabolism†) is an enzyme-catalyzed process in cells of living organisms by which substrates are converted to more complex products.[1] The biosynthesis process often consists of several enzymatic steps in which the product of one step is used as substrate in the following step. Examples for such multi-step biosynthetic pathways are those for the production of blood clots,amino acids, fatty acids, and natural products.[2] Biosynthesis plays a major role in all cells, and many dedicated metabolic routes combined constitute general metabolism. Six organelles in the cell are involved in biosynthesis: ribosomes, chloroplasts, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, and Golgi bodies. [3] Dementia (taken from Latin, originally meaning â€Å"madness†, from de- â€Å"without† + ment, the root of mens â€Å"mind†) is a serious loss of global cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging. It may be static, the result of a unique global brain injury, or progressive, resulting in long-term decline due to damage or disease in the body. Although dementia is far more common in the geriatric population (about 5% of those over 65 are said to be involved),[1] it can occur before the age of 65, in which case it is termed â€Å"early onset dementia†.[2] Dementia is not a single disease, but a non-specific syndrome (i.e., set of signs and symptoms). Affected cognitive areas can be memory, attention, language, and problem solving. Normally, symptoms must be present for at least six months to support a diagnosis.[3] Cognitive dysfunction of shorter duration is called delirium. Dysphagia is the medical term for the symptom of difficulty in swallowing.[1][2][3] Although classified under â€Å"symptoms and signs† in ICD-10,[4] the term is sometimes used as a condition in its own right.[5][6][7] Sufferers are sometimes unaware of their dysphagia. Spasticity is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance in muscle tone involving hypertonia; it is also referred to as an unusual â€Å"tightness†, stiffness, or â€Å"pull† of muscles. The word spasm comes from the Greek word ÏÆ'πΠ±ÃÆ'ÃŽ ¼ÃÅ'Ï‚ (spasmos), meaning â€Å"drawing, pulling.† Clinically spasticity is defined as velocity dependent resistance to stretch, where a lack of inhibition results in excessive contraction of the muscles, ultimately leading to hyperflexia (overly flexed joints). It mostly occurs in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting the upper motor neuron in the form of a lesion, such as spastic diplegia, but it can also present in various types of multiple sclerosis, where it occurs as a symptom of the progressively-worsening attacks on myelin sheaths and is thus unrelated to the types of spasticity present in neuromuscular cerebral palsy rooted spasticity disorders. Definition A seizure happens when there are certain types of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. During a seizure, you may: *Lose consciousness * Stare into space * Have convulsions (abnormal jerking of the muscles) * Experience abnormalities of sensation or emotion

Teaching Health Care Students About Disability Within A...

People with disabilities are often treated differently, even in health care settings, than people without disabilities. These differences come in several forms, including communication, coverage, and quality of care. It is important to instill positive, equal ways to interact with disabled patients early in health care students. Educators in various health care disciplines are advocating for a curricula to better serve disabled patients because currently there are major disconnects between the disabled patients and the health care providers. These providers should be better equip to deal with persons who have varying disabilities, as well as making the disabled person feel welcomed and cared about instead of creating a feeling of a barrier. By doing this, the students can better understand how the disabled person experiences daily life, and can provide care accordingly. The main purpose of the assigned paper, â€Å"Teaching Health Care Students About Disability Within a Cultural Com petency Context†, is to inform the readers that cultural competency can influence health education in a positive way. It can address the complexity of the culture of disability. Disability culture is not a by-the-book study like many medical students treat their health care education. Different approaches to the education and interaction processes, as well as challenging established social beliefs, are discussed in this paper. Disability, as quoted in the text, is defined as, â€Å"difficultyShow MoreRelatedDescribe What Your Role, Responsibilities and Boundaries Would Be as a Teacher or Trainer in Terms of the Teaching and Learning Cycle. How Might â€Å"Equality†, â€Å"Diversity† and â€Å"Inclusion† Impact on a Learner’s Experience?1081 Words   |  5 PagesPTLLS Assessment Describe what your role, responsibilities and boundaries would be as a teacher or trainer in terms of the teaching and learning cycle. How might â€Å"equality†, â€Å"diversity† and â€Å"inclusion† impact on a learner’s experience? Give examples from your own experience and research to support your assertions. â€Å"This submission is entirely my own work unless I have used quotation marks to indicate my reference to the work of others† As a teacher or trainer, there are a variety of rolesRead MoreSupport Diversity Within The School1679 Words   |  7 Pagesthat schools are an inclusive, supportive and engaging environment for all students, staff and caregivers. It strives to build a community that values, celebrates and responds to diversity (Brisbane Catholic Education, 2015). Catholic schools cater for students who have a diverse range of personal characteristics and experiences. These characteristics and experience include various physical, religious, cultural, personal health or wellbeing, intellectual, psychological, socio-economic or life experiencesRead MoreIntroduction The Cultural Nurse Care: . Nursing Has A Powerful1126 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction the cultural nurse care: Nursing has a powerful positive influence on patient lives, because of its intimate nature, as exemplified by the essence of nursing, nurses can make the most significant contribution to patient experiences, safety, and healing. The culture is clear as the dynamic and multidimensional context of many aspects of the life of an individual. It contains gender, faith, sexual orientation, profession, tastes, age, socioeconomic status, disability, ethnicity, andRead MoreCultural Competency Definitions8081 Words   |  33 PagesCULTURAL COMPETENCY DEFINITIONS – A paper to inform development of Cultural Competency Framework for First Nations and Aboriginal Peoples of British Columbia, Canada Cultural Definitions in health care – what does it all mean? There are many definitions and iterations of culture in health care – all with different meanings but many with overlaps. In order to develop a Cultural competency framework, it will be important for stakeholders to agree on what ‘cultural competency’ means and the differencesRead MoreThe History Of Social Work In Vietnam. Each Country Has1625 Words   |  7 Pagesthe history would be able to show the case workers the progress being made and where advocacy is going to be needed in the future. Learning about the history will also be able to give insight about the cultural influences provided throughout the years. Learning about the history of how social work was implemented in Vietnam will provide insight into cultural barriers a social worker may face while doing their work in the country. A social worker may think the country is extremely under-developedRead MoreTranscultural Nursing Essay3519 Words   |  15 Pagessocieties calls for nurses to identify and meet the cultural needs of diverse groups of people; to understand the social and cultural reality of the client, family, and community; to develop expertise in the implementation of culturally acceptable strategies for the provision of nursing care, and to identify and use appropriate resources for health teaching that is acceptable to the client. Undeniably, this cultural diversity necessitates that the care provided be compatible with the needs of the culturallyRead MoreProfessional Development And Social Work3413 Words   |  14 Pageschallenges to effect improvement in the lives of the most vulnerable. As part of this programme o f work, we launched a call for evidence asking social work students, current social workers, and past social workers for their thoughts on the challenges facing the profession. Alongside this we spoke in depth with over 20 social workers and managers about their day-to-day experiences and how they thought training, practice and other elements of the profession should change. We also consulted professionalRead MorePrograms Impact Childrens Academic Achievment1895 Words   |  8 PagesFrom the information I gained from my classmate’s wikis, many of them include skill-building lessons that incorporate the common themes of increasing children’s social and emotional competency. Like the Roots of empathy program, these programs all aim to incorporate better understanding and acceptance of differences. Some of the differences I notice are that a few of these programs also have the direct goal of trying to improve literacy and academic success, though I believe all programs like theseRead MoreThe Theory Of Counseling And Therapy Theories6153 Words   |  25 PagesSummary * Influences of Theories--How counseling theories influence your understanding of how to work with consumers with disabilities. The theories we learned provided a broad-based understanding of numerous factors related to the evolution of counseling and therapy theories and practices, along with new counseling and therapy skills. The important premise that underscores one of the central challenges of counseling and psychotherapy is that we are all in the same world, but each of us makes differentRead MoreHealthcare System Is A Recognized Leader Of The Healthcare Services Industry Offering A Full Range Of Services2667 Words   |  11 Pagesmedicine, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Council with adult social services responsibility, Commission for Health Improvement, Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence Care, Computed tomography, Disability-adjusted life-year, and Early intervention team. Christiana serves more than 35 cities throughout North America, Asia, Central America, West Africa and Europe. It has built a service network capable of addressing not only the population health on an ind ividual level, but also measuring

Rydth Essay - 931 Words

THE MERGER OF AIRTRAN BY SOUTHWEST AIRLINES:WILL THE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES MERGE? Southwest’s merger with AirTran, valued at over US$3 billion, makes Southwest the fourth largest American carrier. The merger increases Southwest’s presence in a number of major cities, most notably New York (LaGuardia) and Washington D.C. (Ronald Reagan National Airport). Thanks to AirTran, it now flies into the coveted Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International, the world’s busiest airport, along with a number of international vacation destinations such as Aruba, Puerto Rico and the Bahamas. Southwest has grown organically, acquiring only two other smaller carriers—Morris Air and Muse Air in the 1980s. This has made it easier to maintain its†¦show more content†¦. . This is a very different approach, taking thousands of AirTran employees, dumping them into the system and hoping it works. It’s a pretty risky move,† says Peter Capelli, a Wharton management professor in 2010. Cappelli adds that airline mergers are always difficult because integration has to take place while a carrier continues to carry out complex operations. Thousands of employees can’t easily be put through an orientation program in the merger’s short time frame and the information systems supporting the complex operations of two airlines can’t be easily changed.23 In November 2011, Southwest Airlines’ more than 6,000 pilots and AirTran Airways’ 1,700 pilots overwhelmingly approved a plan to combine the seniority lists of the two carriers, with five out of six pilots voting in favor.24 The personnel systems have to be modified to reflect the new seniority and pay systems. The disparate cultures of Southwest and AirTran are also posing problems for the merger of their online reservation systems. Southwest currently is planning to switch from Sabre or Amadeus to better accommodate merchandising and international flights. AirTran’s reservations system vendor is Navitaire.25 AirTran and Southwest have diametrically opposed views on distribution through online travel agencies. Southwest usually sells its tickets via telephone or through its Web site whereas AirTran prefers online reservation systems such as Orbitz and

Essay about The Bluest Eyes - 1180 Words

A Search For A Self Finding a self-identity is often a sign of maturing and growing up. This becomes the main issue in Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eyes. Pecola Breedlove, Cholly Breedlove, and Pauline Breedlove are such characters that search for their identity through others that has influenced them and by the lifestyles that they have. First, Pecola Breedlove struggles to get accepted into society due to the beauty factor that the norm has. Cholly Breedlove, her father, is a drunk who has problems that he takes out of Pecola sexually and Pauline physically. Pauline is Cholly’s wife that is never there for her daughters. Pacola is a little black girl has a hard time finding herself. Brought up as a poor unwanted girl, she†¦show more content†¦Finally the rape by her father is the last evidence Pecola needs to believe completely that she is an ugly unlovable girl. While in most cases a father figure is one who little girls look to for guidance and approval, Cholly is the exact opposite. He hurts Pecola in a physical way that in one attempt measures up to the years of hurtful mockery. After this event, Pecola went insane, forever stopping her from finding what she really is. Cholly Breedlove the father of Pecola is an alcoholic bastard. He was born to an unwed mother that abandoned him three days after his birth; and his father ran away once he was born. This eventually is the main cause why he had acted like he acted towards his family and especially towards Pecola. After his legal guardian, his aunt, dies, Cholly decided that as an inner mission he needs to find his father to find himself. This long search ends in an extremely disappointing - crushing- experience. As Cholly tries to explain his identity to his father, his (fathers) face changes as he begins to understand, avoiding the fact that he is Cholly’s biological father. This extremely embarrassing encounter with his father scars him for life. His only image of a father figure is one who brings pain. Another cause of his eventual downfall was the way the community perceived him. They treated him disrespectfully, talked about him behind his back, and made a mockery of his name. After Choll y attempts to burnShow MoreRelatedEssay on Bluest eye1102 Words   |  5 Pages Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, presents the lives of several impoverished black families in the 1940’s in a rather unconventional and painful manner. Ms. Morrison leads the reader through the lives of select children and adults, describing a few powerful incidents, thoughts and experiences that lend insight into the motivation and. behavior of these characters. In a somewhat unconventional manner, the young lives of Pauline Williams Breedlove and Charles (Cholly) Breedlove are presentedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bluest Eye 818 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Bluest Eye, Pecola the protagonist is taken under the Macteer family’s wing much like â€Å"The African family is community-based and the nurturing quality is not contained within the nuclear family, but is rather the responsibility of the entire community† (Ranstrà ¶m). In traditional Africa each child has a place and is welcome in the community. The act of parenting another child was not odd because every adult that lived in each community believed that any child is welcome in anyone’s home. ThisRead MoreEssay On The Bluest Eye1562 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, in the book, â€Å"The Bluest Eye† by Toni Morrison, they live up to their reputations for how they view themselves. Specifically, being focused on women like Pecola, and Claudia. They are often questioning their worth from society’s judgement of beauty. Though one character, Frieda embraces it despite being black. With having everything temporary, the desire of grasping and having something permanent increases. The women desires to be of a lighter skin tone with blue eyes, but will being privilegedRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1587 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"We were born to die and we die to live.† Toni Morrison correlates to Nelson’s quote in her Nobel Lecture of 1993, â€Å"We die. Th at may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.† In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, she uses language to examine the concepts of racism, lack of self-identity, gender roles, and socioeconomic hardships as they factor into a misinterpretation of the American Dream. Morrison illustrates problems that these issues provoke throughRead MoreThe Character of Cholly in The Bluest Eye1317 Words   |  6 Pages The Character of Cholly in The Bluest Eye nbsp; Morrison has divided her portrayal of a fictional town of blacks, which suffers from alienation and subjugation, into four seasons.nbsp; I believe that her underlying message is to illustrate the reality of lifes travails: the certain rhythms of blessings and tragedies.nbsp; Some blacks understand and acccept this philosophy and Morrisons use of the seasons portrays and echoes the bible verse, To every thing there is a season, andRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1598 Words   |  7 Pages in The Bluest Eye, racism has been approached in a very exceptional way. The characters in Morrison’s novel are subjected to adopt a set of values that are separated by the complexion of their skin. The black community in the novel has accepted white standards of beauty, judging Maureen’s light frail skin to be beautiful and that of Pecola’s dark skin to be ugly. These standards arise to Pecola’s desire to have â€Å"the bluest eyes.†. During the 1940’s, Toni Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye examinesRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison992 Words   |  4 PagesSet in the 1940s, during the Great Depression, the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, illustrates in the inner struggles of African-American criticism. The Breedloves, the family the story revolves around a poor, black and ugly family. They live in a two-room store front, which is open, showing that they have nothing. In the family there is a girl named Pecola Breedlove, she is a black and thinks that she is ugly because she is not white. Pecola’s father, Cholly Breedlove, goes through humiliatedRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bluest Eye In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison brings to light the often unrecognized struggle that many people in the black community face. She exposes the â€Å"whitewashing† that has been prevalent in society for decades and the societal imposition of impossible beauty standards. Morrison uses the book to show us the psychological tolls on children and adults that stem from these unattainable goals. Children, like Pecola Breedlove, are so indoctrinated by society and the quest for superficial â€Å"perfection†Read MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2069 Words   |  9 Pagesblack/whiteness. Specifically, white people were positioned at the upper part of the hierarchy, whereas, African Americans were inferior. Consequently, white people were able to control and dictate to the standards of beauty. In her novel, ‘The Bluest Eye’, Toni Morrison draws upon symbolism, narrative voice, setting and ideals of the time to expose the effects these standards had on the differen t characters. With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naively conforms toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Bluest Eye 1115 Words   |  5 Pagesbeliefs. However, in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, the topic of racism is approached in a very unique way. The characters within the novel are subjected to internalizing a set of beliefs that are extremely fragmented. In accepting white standards of beauty, the community compromises their children’s upbringing, their economic means, and social standings. Proving furthermore that the novel has more to do with these factors than actual ethnicity at all. In The Bluest Eye, characters experience a

Wilma Rudolph biography Free Essays

string(61) " Her family was very religious and were practicing Baptists\." Wilma Rudolph is most well-known for her extreme success in track and field. What is most ground-breaking about Wilma and her success is the fact that she was a woman succeeding in what was considered at that time a â€Å"man’s sport. † She broke many records, but most importantly was the first American woman to win three gold medals during the same summer Olympics. We will write a custom essay sample on Wilma Rudolph biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wilma had faced many troubles throughout her life, from illness and disabilities to insecurities and friendship issues. However, the most difficult time in her life was not the obstacles she overcame to each her success but the point in her life after all of that- the point when she went back to reality. Throughout this paper I will discuss how the bio-social-psycho- spiritual-cultural framework had affected Wilma throughout her lifetime, ultimately influencing the person she turned out to be. Although I will touch upon her childhood and teenage years, the point of my paper is to identify Just exactly how those periods of time in her life affected her throughout her mid-adulthood phase until her death in 1994. BIOLOGICAL The first part of the framework suggests we look at Wilma’s biological past to help nderstand the person she became. When Wilma was born, she was the 20th out of 22 children in the Rudolph family. She had a very difficult childhood, bouncing back and forth from illness to illness. Throughout her childhood, she was diagnosed with double pneumonia, scarlet fever, and polio. When Wilma was six years old, she was diagnosed with infantile paralysis caused by the polio virus. At that time, doctors had told her that she would never walk again without the aid of braces. However, Wilma was determined to prove everyone wrong and walk on her own. By the age of twelve, Wilma could freely move and walk around without the aid of her leg brace. After that point in her lifetime, nothing major (from a biological standpoint) occurred until she was a senior in high school and got pregnant by her long-time boyfriend, Robert Eldridge. At this point in her life, she was training with a college track coach during the summer and could not handle the responsibilities of a child Just yet. Luckily, her older sister Yvonne (who was already married with a child of her own) offered to look after the baby until Wilma was ready for motherhood. This allowed Wilma to continue iving her normal life without have to make and sacrifices. SOCIAL Wilma experienced a very financially poor childhood. She was among 21 other siblings and her parents only lived Offa teacher’s salary. During the time of her leg brace, Wilma was homeschooled because of her disability. It was not until the first grade that her parents considered admitting her to a real school. After overcoming her disability, she decided that when she reached high school she wanted to follow in her sisters footsteps and Join the school basketball team. During freshmen year she excelled in basketball and track, and it was at that point that she first received nterest from Tennessee State’s track coaches. Because of her raw talent, Tennessee coac , Edward Temple snowed a lot ot interest in Wilma, enough tor ner to try out tor the 1956 Olympics. After becoming a qualifier for the Olympics, she became close friends with Mae Faggs, an older runner on her Olympic team. Mae was a great influence on Wilma and really helped her mentally and physically prepare for the Olympics. Despite all of Coach Temple’s and Mae’s help, Wilma did not place at the 1956 Olympics. After the Olympics were over and she returned home, she decided to pick up her son and have him live with her again. She realized that spending time with her family was Just as important as anything else in her life at that time. At this point she was Juggling a boyfriend, a child, college school work, track, and her grief over disappointment from the past Olympics. PSYCHOLOGICAL Because of Wilma’s natural talent and success in high school, her first loss at a big meet was devastating. She had travelled to Philadelphia for a National AAU Track Meet, and became overconfident. She was shocked when she did not win and returned home with â€Å"shame of losing. † She felt embarrassed of losing and felt as if she had let herself down. It was at that point she realized that the success she could obtain through track and field was in her hands, which only motivated her to train harder. Once qualifying for the Olympic team, she also experienced some psychological challenges. She was such a good runner at such a young age that she would hold back at Olympic practices in order to keep the other girls on the team from becoming Jealous of her. She felt very torn, whether or not to excel at practice and work hard or hold on to friendships. She finally got over her fear of losing friends over hard work and decided to run for herself. One of her biggest psychological upsets, however, was after the 1956 Olympics when she did not qualify for the finals in the 200 meter dash. She could not eat or sleep for days and felt as though she let down the entire United States. She was determined that the next day she would run harder and make up for that. Fortunately, by the end of the Olympics, her 400 meter relay team had surprisingly placed third and came back home with a bronze medal. SPIRITUAL CULTURAL Wilma was born in Clarkesville, Tennessee in 1940. During this time, she experienced the wrath of segregation. The school she attended was Just for blacks nd did not compare to the nicer school for white children. Growing up, religion was important to Wilma and her family but did not play a huge role her development throughout life and her accomplishments. Her family was very religious and were practicing Baptists. HOW THIS FRAMEWORK AFFECTED HER LIFE As a child and teenager, Wilma lived anything but an ordinary life. At the age of 6 she was told she would never walk again without a brace. By the age of 12 she defied those odds and successfully walked on her own. By the time she reached high school she was on the school basketball team and track team. By the age of 16 she was ompeting in her first Olympics games. And by her senior year she had a child of her n All ot these components helped to develop Wilma into the person she grew up to be. Her biggest obstacles occurred after her fame and fortune, when she got home and back to real life. When she arrived home from the 1960 Olympics, she was welcomed by the whole town of Clarkesville, Tennessee. It was the first time in Clarkesville history that white and black townspeople came together to celebrate. After returning home and spending time with her family, she immediately began to travel the world meeting new people and starring in more races. She became the first woman invited into meets previously only participated by males. However, at this time it was very unlikely for a woman, let alone a black woman athlete, to have a manager. Therefore, Wilma did not make any money off of any of the appearances she made or races she competed in. When she finally returned home from travelling, she was hit with the harsh reality of the real world- she was broke. Wilma decided the best thing for her to do was to go back to college to get her degree in elementary education. After she graduated college, she married her longtime boyfriend Robert Eldridge. She got a teaching Job at the elementary school she attended as a child and coached track and field at Burts High School. Still, this did not help her financial situation. A few months later, she decided to leave her Job as a teacher and within a few years became pregnant with two more children. After that, she bounced back and forth from Job to Job; unsatisfied with every one she tried. She could not find that same satisfaction that she felt from track and field- nonetheless find a Job that would help ease her money troubles. In 1967, Vice President Hubert Humphrey asked Wilma to Join â€Å"Operation Champ,† government sponsored program that trained young inner-city athletes. Wilma once again traveled to many cities but still did not find that satisfaction she was searching for. Once she got back, she continued to bounce from Job to Job again until she finally decided to start her own business. Her business was named â€Å"Wilma Unlimited† and allowed her to travel, lecture, and support special causes. Through this company, she inspired many young African American athletes. In 1977 she wrote her own book and filmed a movie about her life. In 1981 she started the Wilma Rudolph Foundation, a foundation dedicated to nurturing talented young athletes. She worked hard to promote women’s sports in America and lobbied to pass Title ‘X. Among many other awards throughout her lifetime, she was honored with the National Sports award from President Bill Clinton in 1993. Unfortunately, Wilma died at the young age of 54 from cancer on November 12, 1994. Wilma’s adult life would have built to nothing if it not had been for all of the experiences she lived through in her childhood. She learned strength, endurance, and patience not only on the track but in her life as well. She did not experience the most difficult times in life until after she had accomplished many goals for herself. It took true commitment for her to succeed in life after she returned home from the Olympics. Everything she did and experienced throughout her lifetime greatly affected the person she turned out to be. She grew into an amazing and influential woman who is not only known for her three gold medals in the same summer Olympics, but she is known for the legacy she has left behind in women’s sports and the rest ot the world. KOHLBERG’S THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT According to our textbook, â€Å"Lawrence Kohlberg has proposed a series of three levels, and six stages, through which people progress as they develop their moral ramework† (Zastrow, 2007). The first level, called the Preconventional Level, is primarily concerned with self-interest. The first stage of this level deals with how a person can avoid punishment. It is in this level that a person (however, most of the time this level is applied to children) will act on the basis of knowing what actions will constitute some sort of punishment. Stage two is more self-interest driven. A person will think in terms of reward for themselves, by asking the question â€Å"what’s in it for me†. In this level a person will act in their best interest. These stages, related to Wilma Rudolph’s life do not hold a high level of significance. There are not too many points in her life that were highlighted in her biography that were linked to these two stages. I can imagine, however, that growing up in a household with 21 other children would take away from both of these stages. I doubt that Wilma was punished by her parents very often since they had to focus on so many other children as well. On the other hand, she probably had many of her older siblings to look after her, who I’m sure gave her a hard time when she did something wrong. The second level, the Conventional Level, usually is applied to people from the ges of 10 to 13 (Zastrow, 2007). Incorporated in this level are yet two more stages. Stage three is based on the approval of others and fulfilling social roles. During this stage, a person tries to live up to the expectations set for the â€Å"good boy’ or â€Å"good girl† that they are trying to be. A high level of acceptance among others is what a person is ultimately striving for in this stage. I believe this stage directly reflects the point in Wilma’s life when she made the Olympic team for the first time. During that time in her life, she was much younger than many of the other women on the team and ould hold back in practice as to not embarrass them or appear as if she were superior to them. She wanted to â€Å"fit in† and be accepted by her teammates. Stage four deals more with obeying rules and listening to authority. In this stage, the individual focuses on what is right and wrong based on the laws. I believe this stage relates to the time in Wilma’s life when she was going off to college and one of her coach’s rules was no children, since they would become too much of a distraction. Following his orders, Wilma decided to send her child with her older sister who could better fulfill the child’s needs and also allowing Wilma to obey her oach. The final level of Kohlbergs stages of development is called the Post conventional level. The first stage of this level, stage five, is concerned with the welfare of the community. Although the previous level focused on the importance of laws, this stage says that laws are also open for interpretation and that the welfare and state of the community is Just as important as following laws. I believe this describes the point in Wilma’s life after she had won at the Olympics and returned home to Clarkesville for the first time. Upon her arrival, she was greeted by both white and black supporters from her community. During that time period, segregation was highly enforced and it was rare to see white and black folks together. However, they came together in support o t Wilma and d hey saw was best tor the community- snowing their support together as a whole instead of individual races. The final stage, stage six, revolves around the idea of acting on internal ethical principles. At this stage in someone’s life, the person is less concerned with the opinion of others and more concerned with what is right for them. I do not think Wilma ever reached this stage in her life. While I believe that she did overcome many bstacles, such as being a black, female athlete during the time of men’s sports and segregation, I do not think she achieved this highest stage in her development. In conclusion, I believe that everything Wilma Rudolph endured throughout her lifetime had a big impact on the woman she grew up to be. All of the fame and recognition she received through her teenage years had a big hand in the development through adulthood. It was not until she grew up and came back to Clarkesville after her big success as a track star that Wilma really had to look back and put to use all of the dedication and life lessons she learned as a child. If Wilma were here today I think she would want people to remember her not for winning gold medals at the Olympics, but rather for all of the things she accomplished and all of the people she influenced as an adult. I believe she holds most valuable in her heart her ability to influence others to overcome adversity and to live out their dreams. How to cite Wilma Rudolph biography, Papers